Paper
no: - 3 “Literary Theory& criticism”
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q Name: - Lalji G. Baraiya.
q Course: - M.A.-1, Sem-1.
q Year: - 2018-20.
q Roll no.:- 21.
q Enrollment no.:-2069108420190001.
q Topic: - Write a detailed note about “Catharsis”.
q Submitted to: - Smt.
S.B.Gardi.Dep.of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.
q Words:- 1,706
v About
Catharsis:-
Ø First of I will tell you
about words of ‘Catharsis’ means of that purgation and purification of emotions
of the any person. Catharsis words came in to Greek language. It is term of literature and most of is by Shakespearean. We can saw in his most of drama and
play refraction of the catharsis. In the play and drama he put tragedy of
protagonists. So here I will try to explain about meaning of catharsis,
Definition, catharsis in tragedy and comedy, Social catharsis and some example
of catharsis. So let’s start…
v What
is catharsis?
Ø Catharsis increased by
Aristotle. Normally we can say that catharsis means purgation of emotions and
purification of emotions. I will give you one example for help you understand
of catharsis like as When we go to watch movie at that time we beat ourselves
in the hero’s life. Then we feel sympathy for the hero. During that time fight
with hero, bad condition of our ideal hero.
So at that time we really feel of hero’s emotions and sympathy.
Sometimes audience crying for saw the condition of hero. So here we find that it
is term of related of emotions, felling, Sympathy, pity and fear.
Ø Great critics Aristotle
used these two words ‘pity and fear’ for catharsis because the emotions to purify
by fear and pity of audience.
Ø It was Greek term of
“Katharsis”. We have never understand
about clearly that but There has been normally accepted as a kind of
purification and purgation. But It was feel when experience in tragedy a
realize from the emotions and sensitivity of fear and pity by the transcending
them.
v
According to Aristotle:-
Ø When we dissociation
about catharsis at that time we have say that first discussion of the
tragedy. The effect of tragedy should be
end on the point where the audience or the readers got a satisfying calm of the
mind after sufferings from intense emotions of fear and pity.
Ø So there is catharsis
about a satisfying with calm of audiences mind. Then effect of such
purification is spiritual renewed.
Ø Aristotle called this
kind of experience of catharsis, when literature provides strong emotional
experiences that ultimately result in a sense of purification.
Ø
When Aristotle was speaking specifically about catharsis and
theater, I can say that all types’ art can make us feel deeply from
Shakespearian tragedies to blockbuster movies. Shakespearean has mastered of
catharsis. If Aristotle talks about theater and any art so when we saw movie
and painting during that time our emotions are help to understand to catharsis.
We can feel of feeling of artist. They all are feel good and bad at the end
even if they make us feel sad and happiness.
So Aristotle has used very clearly in poetic and medicine sense. Aristotle says that, He translates catharsis as purification, experience and emotion that brings pity and fear into their proper balance.
v Catharsis in the Tragedy:-
v Catharsis in the Tragedy:-
Ø When we read a book of
novel and drama and watch movie at that time writers includes first of scenes
tragedy. So tragedy is needful step of achieve catharsis. There are Aristotle
defines a tragedy as a complete story featuring high stakes conditions. Tragedy
is as language of symbolic and significant language. Tragedy should be told
through pleasing language and most of performing on the stage rather than read.
Then we can say finally through pity and fear the audience should leave feeling
clean by emotionally Catharsis.
Ø Aristotle’s says that the
objectives of tragedies is that arising terror and pity. But these are not only
doing by the tragedy but it was done by the effect of the catharsis and
emotions. Another thing is that Aristotle said about catharsis that it was a
function of a senthic and tragedies. It was the most important thing for bring
the audience to emotional height and then help in the resolving any story.
Another thing is that it can use in bringing the back down again. We can
understand clearly by the example of Hamlet, Dr. Faustus and story of the
purpose.
Ø I must found in Greek and
roman playwright definitely use of catharsis. In classical drama from
Sophocles, other Ancients Greek and roman playwright also arranged set the
stage. Even Shakespeare used in Elizabethan era. We can find some example of
catharsis like as “Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet...Etc.
Ø Here I will try to explain
by example of “Hamlet”. In the tragic play of hamlet at the end of the play
like the audience has been through emotionally journey that leaves them feeling
difference from when the play began. In this play we feel something wrong with
hamlet by judgments of error and fate. So here are we feel sympathy toward him.
Many time audiences understand that hero’s bad condition and problem are my
problem. Then audience learnt that I can do everything like hero but we never
do in real life.
Ø Catharsis refers to a
purging of emotions and purification. Catharsis was do sometimes renewal
resulting fro0 pity, sorrowful condition, any time sympathy with laughter. In
the catharsis mostly applied to the experience of the audience.
Ø Certainly I cannot say
that Where is Catharsis coming from? But these terms comes from the Aristotle’s
poetics. He says that Catharsis was a purgation of the emotions. He take focus
only purification and purgation. Plato was believed in poetry always emotional
and irrational. But Aristotle saw poetry as an outline for emotion.
Ø When we saw film, during
that time When characters under goes a mentally depression and physically
change often because he had suffering and he was must experience in his life an
emotional overflow.
v Catharsis
and Comedy:-
Ø There are most of the
time create a question is that How are we found Catharsis in the play and
drama. Catharsis is not only part of tragedy but also in the comedy. That type’s
catharsis has also realized the audience and another thing is that
identification of the chief characters. When we will read play and show movies
at that time character in a romantic comedy is embarrassed against of their
crush. During that condition we must laugh and cringe their familiar
experiences through a safe distance.
Ø Comedy in catharsis It
was more important thing and difficult to presenting in the play because comedy
was only presently considered as the exclusive property of tragedy. During the
Elizabethan era as the theatre of the Absurd playwrights had attend a
significant catharsis in comedy at the last. Even through these “Absurdist’s”
had edged critically near the whimsical.
Ø Here are we can prove
through sympathetic identification with the tragic protagonist in his
sight. At the end of the play outlook of
enlarged Tragedy rather than became a healthful and humanizing effect on the
spectator and readers.
v Some
Example of catharsis in literature and film industry:-
1] Hamlet:-
Ø This tragic play by
William Shakespeare between 1580 to 1642. There are story of revenge for murder
of his father. This is tragic story
because in this story concerned with murder, Violence and more deadly reaction.
We all are known that revenge never stop. We can saw in this play became some
crime and murder heinous and unnatural. Also Hamlet says in play that,
“My weakness and my melancholy”.
Ø So, Hamlet is powerful
character in the play but he do many time error of judgments and he don’t able
to perfect decision. When he was fight
with Ophelia’s brother then death’s of Hamlet at that time we feel catharsis
towards Hamlet.
2] Oedipus Rex:-
Ø “Oedipus Rex” is one of
the tragic plays in Greek literature.
This is most famous tragedy in Greek. So it is a Greek tragedy. Here is
Oedipus is title role of the play and protagonist of the play. He was
unknowingly married with his mother. WE can understand at the end of the play, when
the hero do tragic mistake had been revealed and his promise reason for his
end. Oedipus gouges his eyes out. At the
end of the play Oedipus by doing penance by gouging out his own eyes.
3] Romeo and Juliet:-
Ø “Romeo and Juliet” is a
story of two lovers. Both have sought released from “Crossed” to love by
killing themselves. But when two families bury the hatchet in the play at that
time audience feeling catharsis. In this play good arrangements of two lovers Elements.
4] Doctor Faustus:-
Ø “The tragically history
of life and death of Doctor Faustus” was tragic play written by Christopher
Marlowe. In this play Doctor Faustus is protagonist of the play. He has lust of
knowledge. He believes that he has knowledge of all things then he prefers to
learn magic. He sells his soul of devil and he promise to devil that he give
his soul before 24 years. At the end of the play tragically death of Doctor
Faustus. So, we can feel catharsis during die of the Faustus. We do experience
that pity towards Doctor Faustus.
5] Raees:-
Ø “Raees” is Indian action
film and released in 2017. This film director is Rahul Dholakiya. This story of
Gujarat and chief theme of that film is that transport of wind. Shahrukh is protagonist of film. During
watching movie we feel pity and fear towards hero. End of this movie hero died.
6] Gunday:-
Ø “Gunday” film directed by
Ali Abbas Zaffar. It was Indian thriller film. This story about
Bangladesh in after 1971 war. In this film one women love two
brothers. Both are chief of railways of carbon coals. When both are go to wrong
way and fall down their life by small mistake, we see in this film both are
died at the end of the film. During that audience became emotionally fearful
and pity.
v Social
Catharsis:-
Ø In the play and movie
describe many condition of social, political and Religion. When Emotional condition
can be elicit physiological, expressive and Subjective changes in personally. Affected
personally always use social sharing as a catharsis release of emotion.
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