MAHARAJA KRISHNAKUMARSINHJI BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY, BHAVNAGAR.

Ph.D Coursework Syllabus for Paper II & III

(Year:- 2021-22)

Research Scholar: Laljibhai Ghusabhai Baraiya

Registration No.:

Date of Registration:

Research Guide: Dr. Abulshamim A.Khan

Title: - Existential Quest for Spiritual Identity in Paulo Coelho’s

Novels

For the Award of the

Degree of the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in English

MKBU,Bhavnagar.

Paper no.:2) General Studies/Area

Existentialism

Unit	Subject	Hour
1	Concept of Existentialism · Theme of Existentialism · Genre of Existentialism	5
2	Existentialism is Humanism · Theme of Existentialism and Humanism · View of Jean-Paul-Sartre	5
3	Philosophy of Nothingness · The state of nothingness · Mean of nothingness · True nothingness	5
4	The Myth of Sisyphus: Albert Camus · Existential concept in The Myth of Sisyphus: Albert Camus · The moral of the Sisyphus myth.	5

Works Cited

Camus, Albert. The Myth of Sisyphus. India: Penguin, 2013. Print

Levi, Albert William. The Meaning of Existentialism for Contemporary International Relations. Jstor 72 (1996): 233-251.

Sartre, Jean Paul. Existentialism is a Humanism. Yale University press, 2007.Print

Questions:-

1) Write about main concept of Existentialism.

2) Describe the theme of Existentialism is Humanism.

3) What does nothingness mean in existentialism?

4) What is the moral of the Sisyphus myth?

Paper no.:3) Specific Studies/Area

Paulo Coelho’s Novels

Unit	Subject	Hour
1	Concept of Spiritual Identity in The Alchemist · The Personal Legend in The Alchemist · Heroic self discovery in The Alchemist	5
2	Being and Nothingness in Veronica Decides To Die · Meaning of madness in Veronica Decides To Die · Spiritual Enlightment in Veronica Decides To Die	5
3	Self- Knowledge in The Pilgrimage · Spiritual Quest in The Pilgrimage · Theme of The Pilgrimage	5
4	Journey Towards self in The Witch of Portobello · Search of identity in The Witch of Portobello · Spiritual Journey of the Character	5

Worked Cited

Alexander, Fiona, and Tyagi Sarika. “A Study of the protagonist’s alterity exhibited in Paulo Coelho’s The Witch of Portobello.” International Journal of English and Literature, 2017, Cloud front, 12 January 2022, Vol. 7, Issue 6, pp. 25-30. Academia, https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55484730/5.

—. Coelho,Poelho. The Alchemist. 86^th ed., London: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1988. Print.

—. Coelho,Poelho. The Pilgrimage. 40^th ed., London: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1997. Print.

—. Coelho,Poelho. The Witch of Portobello. 14^th ed., India: HarperCollinsPublishers, 2007. Print.

—. Coelho,Poelho. Veronika Decides To Die. 48^th ed., India: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1999. Print.

Questions:-

1) Write about Spiritual Identity in the novel The Alchemist.

2) Describe the theme being and Nothingness in Veronica Decides To Die

3) Write Self- Knowledge based on novel The Pilgrimage.

4) Justify Journey towards self in The Witch of Portobello.

Ph.D Coursework: Assignment for Paper I by Lalji Baraiya

MAHARAJA KRISHNAKUMARSINHJI BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY, BHAVNAGAR.

Ph.D Coursework: Assignment for Paper I

(Year:- 2021-22)

Research Scholar: Laljibhai Ghusabhai Baraiya

Registration No.:

Date of Registration:

Research Guide: Dr. Abulshamim A. Khan

Title: - Existential Quest for Spiritual Identity in Paulo Coelho’s

Novels

For the Award of the

Degree of the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in English

MKBU,Bhavnagar.

Assignment on Literature Review

1. A Table of all works reviewed or considered for review.

Table:- 1)

Names of the journals, and the numbers of the relevant articles included

No.	Name of the Journal	Total number of Articles	Number of Articles Relevant
1.	Journal of Literature	137	13
2.	Research Journal of English Language and Literature	156	16
3.	Journal of Early Christian Studies	109	9
4.	International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences	200	32
5.	TUCL e Library	22	2
6.	International Journal of English language and Humanities	78	11
7.	Journal of Language and Literature	140	18
8.	International Journal of research- Granthalaya	106	23
9.	The Outlook: Journal of English Studies	116	15
10.	International Journal of research- Thoughts	209	3
11.	International Journal of Language, Literature and Translation Studies	230	7
	Total	1,509	149

Table 2.

Research Studies on - Existential Quest for Spiritual Identity in Paulo Coelho’s

Novels

No.

Reference/

Authors name

Research Focus/

General Findings

Journal

Articles Title

Mr. Vijay R. More(2015)

Paulo Coelho virtually moved into the shoes of legendary writers like Henry Rider

Haggard, Robert Louis Stevenson and Rudyard Kipling with his superb narratology and magnetic

Stories.

The South Asian Academic Research Chronicle

Paulo Coelho’s Philosophical vision as reflected in his novels

Muraleedharan, Manju(2011)

Paulo Coelho portrays the theme of The Alchemist - how to achieve one's vision of life - through apt handling of his vast knowledge in various disciplines namely History, Geography, Philosophy, Theology, Psychology and Mythology.

Journal of Literature

Multi-Displinary Dimensions in Paulo Coelho’s Novel The Alchemist.

S.Karthik Saravanan

Search of identity, the search comes to an end in a Self- Realization which

Reveals that life’s part of the universal soul.

Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology

Quest for Personal Legend in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist

Dr. Zainab Abdulkadhim Salman Al-Shammari(2020)

References to the Arabic frame of thought, religion, and philosophy.

Research Journal of English Language and Literature

The Metaphor Of the Journey in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist

Graham, Brian, Michael Muray(1997)

Focus on Spirituality

Cultural Geographies

The Spiritual and the Profane: The Pilgrimage to Santiago De Compostela

Markus, Robert A(1994)

Focus on extraneous considerations such as imperial patronage and encouragement of pilgrimage, but seals the religious roots of this shift in Christian attitude.

Journal of Early Christian Studies

How on Earth Could a Place Become Holy

S.Karthik Saravanan(2020)

The novel concerned with the journey for the sake of a long cherished dream. The protagonist is in search of his identity the search comes to an end in a Self- Realization which reveals that he is part of the universal soul.

Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology

Quest for Personal Legend in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist

Jabun Nahar(2021)

Focus on An in-depth exploration of Maria, the central character

International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences

Deconstructing the conventional binaries of society: An in-depth exploration of Maria, the central character of Paolo Coelho’s Eleven Minutes, as the spokesman of Third Wave Feminism

Yadav, Rajesh Prasad (2009)

Focus onEnglish literature;Humans;Philosophy

TUCL e Library

Quest for Self-Discovery in the Zahir

10.

M.R. Rashila (2020)

Despite the scientific and technological achievements, the contemporary man is doomed to find himself in a tragic predicament and discombobulating.

Shanlax International Journal of English

Psychic Abnormalities and Aberrations in Paulo Coelho’s Veronika Decides to Die

11.

Mrs. Priti Singh

Concept of mankind; his concrete, subjective and individual existence cannot be categorized and universalized and hence defies all human effort to mirror it exactly in a concept.

International Journal of English language and Humanities

Existential Musings in The Zahir

12.

Nigina Umurova, Sevar Samadova

Focus on an ideological and artistic analysis of Paulo Coelho’s novel Fifth Mountain.

The

Novel reflects on the expression of Eastern philosophy and author's views on the East.

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development

Oriental Motives on The Fifth Mountain by Paulo Coelho

13.

Dr. Alka A. Bhise

Coelho’s ‘The Alchemist’

as a novel

that reflects his personal experiences

in learning alchemy for eleven years

International Journal of Language, Literature and Translation Studies

Paulo Coelho’s- The Alchemist:

A journey towards self

14.

Pooja Pradeep Shinde

presents the transformation which takes place in the

protagonist on his way to his quest.

International Journal of English

Quest for Self as Reflected in Paulo

Coelho’s Novel, “The Alchemist”

15.

Punitha .J

Explore formula of a man who had used his inner voice or intuition to become a successful man in life.

IJELLH

The Theme of Spiritual Quest in Paulo Coelho’s Select Novels.

16.

Dipendra Raj Regmi

Focus on heroic self-discovery of a common shepherd in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist (1988) through the concept of popular culture.

The Outlook: Journal of English Studies

Heroic Self-discovery of the Shepherd in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist

17.

Basri Sattar

Coelho’s

Attitude, views, opinions and vision about his characters through his writing style.

International Journal Online of Humanities

Paulo Coelho as an Optimistic Writer

18.

Cagri Tugrul Mart

This research finally points out these themes of existentialism by studying on two existentialist drama plays written by Jean-Paul Sartre who was a prominent existentialist writer.

Journal of English and Literature

Existentialism in two plays of Jean-Paul Sartre

19.

Dr. HP Singh

Focus on modern’s fiction in English reflects modern human predicament; life surrounded by forces of anxiety

International Journal of research- Granthalayah

Existentialism in Indian English Novel

20.

Yogita Upadhyay,

Focus on the concept of multiculturism in the novels of Paulo Coelho.

International Journal of creative research thoughts

Multiculturism in the Novels of Paulo Coelho

21.

Kundan Makwana

Philosophy of life is one type of philosophy which correlates with the meaning of life and the way of living life which includes ethics, morality and the true learning of life.

International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews

Depiction of Philosophical dimensions in Paulo Coelho’s BRIDA

22.

Akram Amiri Senejani

Focus on arguments and theories are conveniently summarized in his novels, short stories, and plays. No Exit was written one year after Being and Nothingness.

International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature

Sartre’s Existentialist Viewpoint in No Exit

2. Annotated Bibliography of selected works in an alphabetical order.

Bhise Alka. A., Paulo Coelho’s- The Alchemist:A journey towards self, International Journal of Language, Literature and Translation Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, 2017, pp. 384–387, http://www.ijelr.in

Bhise Alka(2017) suggested that Coelho’s The Alchemist which was considered as a world classic established his worldwide reputation. The research was noted as one of the 20th. Century most important literary phenomenon since Coelho entered for the second time in the Guinness Book of Records in Oct.2008. Bhise Alka proposes to evaluate Coelho’s The Alchemist as a novel that reflects his personal experiences in learning alchemy for eleven years. The main character, Santiago, who goes to a far away country just to pursue his dream. The journey completely changes the life of a Shephered and his vision of life.

Chauhan, S.G., Depiction of Philosophical dimensions in Paulo Coelho’s BRIDA, International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, vol.5, no. 4, 2018, pp. 770–771.

Chauhan, S.G (2018) examined that there is particular aim after writing any work of art. Some authors write art for art sake and a few for life sake and here a Researcher assumes by reading Paulo Coelho’s works that Paulo Coelho is among those writers whose aim is to teach life philosophy means it deals with the meaning of life and therefore the method of living life through his works, however this type of authors place their philosophy in such a creative method in their works that it offers the teachings of life with delight.

Mart, Cagri Tugrul, Existentialism in two plays of Jean-Paul Sartre, Journal of English and Literature, vol.3, no. 11, 2012, pp. 50–54, http://www.academicjournals.org/IJEL

Mart, Cagri Tugrul (2012) flash on Sartre, as an existentialist, show up some themes in his work which are absurdity: life is absurd, it makes no sense and has no meaning or ultimate purpose, but human beings need it to make sense, to have meaning and purpose. Rejection of meaning-giving narratives: It is not enough to say that life is absurd; the existentialists repeatedly make the point that when philosophy, religion, or science tries to make sense of it, the attempts always fail.

Orenstein, Alan. Religion and Paranormal Belief. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, vol. 41, no. 2, 2002, pp. 301–11, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1388010. Accessed 5 May 2022.

Orenstein, Alan(2002) to examine the relationship between conventional religious belief, church attendance, and belief in paranormal phenomena. Greater religious belief is strongly associated with greater paranormal belief. Church attendance (and other measures of religious participation) are only weakly associated with paranormal belief until conventional religious belief is statistically controlled; once this is done, greater church attendance is strongly associated with lowered paranormal belief. Together, these two religious variables explain about one-quarter of the variance in paranormal belief, making them the strongest predictors that have yet to be identified.

Pretorius, S.P.Understanding Spiritual Experience in Christian Spirituality.Acta Theologica Supplementum,Vol. 11, 2008, pp. 147-168.

Pretorius, S.P(2008) suggested A spiritual experience for some means a mere fabrication of the mind. For others it is pathological and the consequence of psychiatric disturbances and psychological disorders. Others acknowledge that certain role-players are present when spiritual experiences occur. However, the identification of the involvement of these role-players by no means minimizes the spiritual experience to a level of being non-significant. A spiritual experience in Christian spirituality assumes as its foundation that a personal relationship with Christ exists.

Punitha .J, The Theme of Spiritual Quest in Paulo Coelho’s Select Novels, IJELLH, vol. 4, no. 10, 2017, pp. 51–53.

Punitha .J(2017) studied that When it is difficult to listen to our inner self and find what we really need he suggest through his novels “the Pilgrimage” the Alchemist” “the Aleph and “the Valkyries” to take a walk out the routine life, to seek out strange places, strange people and engulf oneself in loneliness through a physical journey, or may be a pilgrimage. That is when and where one will be able to listen to their own inner true voice and obtain tits true radiance. Most of his stress appears to be this in his words. He rather attempts to share all these as his life experiences that mend him to what he is now. Learn to listen to your “True Inner Voice”

Regmi, Dipendra Raj, Heroic Self-discovery of the Shepherd in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist, The Outlook: Journal of English Studies, vol.11, no. 11, 2020, pp. 99–107.

Regmi, Dipendra Raj(2020) says that Travel literature explores the positive as well as negative aspect of the journey. Coelho’s The Alchemist reflect the positive attitude towards human life in their observation. Santiago, an ordinary shepherd, crosses many tests and trials as in the parameter of the hero journey developed by Campbell. As a result, he is able to realize his self near the end of the novel. Santiago’s self-realization is the supreme reward of the journey. An adventurous journey is driven by the passion rather than power and position. The success of the shepherd is a departure from the canon of the past. At last, his reciprocal relation with the nature and natural objects can be another useful topic for further research because his communication with the wind is highly impressive in the entire novel. The reason behind this suggestion is to highlight the importance of reciprocity that is what lacking in the present world.

Singh, Priti. Existential Musings in The Zahir, International Journal of English language and Humanities vol. 4, no. 1, 2004, pp. 221–225, http:// www.ijellh.com /stable/1288011. Accessed 5 May 2022

Singh, Priti(2004) described the philosophy of existentialism is a 20th century movement, which emphasizes the active Participation of will, rather than reason, in confronting the problems of a non – moral or absurd Universe. The term existentialism is applied to philosophical doctrines enunciated by Kierkegaard, Heidegger and Sartre which is centered upon the analysis of human beings that Regard human existence as not exhaustively describable or understandable in idealistic or scientific terms. Existentialism is marked by its emphasis on the concreteness, subjectivity and Individuality of human existence.

Shinde, Pooja Pradeep. Quest for Self as Reflected in Paulo Coelho’s Novel, ‘The Alchemist.,Shanlax International Journal of English, vol. 8, no. 2, 2020, pp. 7–10.

As a based on the studied of Shinde, Pooja Pradeep.(2020) Santiago’s journey, the author intricate that everyone has the right to chase his dreams. Coelho is of the view that dreams do not have price. The novel highlights the inner quality that every human being should realize. The book proved to be life-changing and highly awakening to those who want to achieve their quest.

Senejani ,Akram Amiri, Sartre’s Existentialist Viewpoint in No Exit, International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature, , vol.5, no. 4, 2018, pp. 770–771

Senejani ,Akram Amiri (2018)lighted on No Exit, as an intense and compressed dramatic parable, presents the core existential truth that each individual must ultimately face self truth and consequence, forced to an inescapable encounter with others who provide the measure for moral judgment. In the enclosed space of the stage that mirrors the enclosed self Sartre presents a modern morality play, while forecasting the themes and methods that emerge from the implications of an absurd universe and a search for new meaning.

3. Reorganize the 'order': Your 'hypothesis' shall guide you in reorganizing. This re-ordering depends on the flow of your arguments. Make your own trajectory.

Chauhan, S.G(2018) examined that There is particular aim after writing any work of art. Some authors write art for art sake and a few for life sake and here a Researcher assumes by reading Paulo Coelho’s works that Paulo Coelho is among those writers whose aim is to teach life philosophy means it deals with the meaning of life and therefore the method of living life through his works, however this type of authors place their philosophy in such a creative method in their works that it offers the teachings of life with delight.

Bhise Alka(2017) suggested that Coelho’s ‘The Alchemist’ which was considered as a world classic established his worldwide reputation. The research was noted as one of the 20th. Century most important literary phenomenon since Coelho entered for the second time in the Guinness Book of Records in Oct.2008. Bhise Alka proposes to evaluate Coelho’s ‘The Alchemist’ as a novel that reflects his personal experiences in learning alchemy for eleven years. The main character, Santiago, who goes to a far away country just to pursue his dream. The journey completely changes the life of a Shephered and his vision of life.

Orenstein, Alan (2008) to examine the relationship between conventional religious belief, church attendance, and belief in paranormal phenomena. Greater religious belief is strongly associated with greater paranormal belief. Church attendance (and other measures of religious participation) are only weakly associated with paranormal belief until conventional religious belief is statistically controlled; once this is done, greater church attendance is strongly associated with lowered paranormal belief. Together, these two religious variables explain about one-quarter of the variance in paranormal belief, making them the strongest predictors that have yet to be identified.

Regmi, Dipendra Raj(2020) says that Travel literature explores the positive as well as negative aspect of the journey. Coelho‟s The Alchemist reflect the positive attitude towards human life in their observation. Santiago, an ordinary shepherd, crosses many tests and trials as in the parameter of the hero journey developed by Campbell. As a result, he is able to realize his self near the end of the novel. Santiago‟s self-realization is the supreme reward of the journey. An adventurous journey is driven by the passion rather than power and position. The success of the shepherd is a departure from the canon of the past. At last, his reciprocal relation with the nature and natural objects can be another useful topic for further research because his communication with the wind is highly impressive in the entire novel. The reason behind this suggestion is to highlight the importance of reciprocity that is what lacking in the present world.

Mart(2012) Sartre, as an existentialist, show up some themes in his work which are absurdity: life is absurd, it makes no sense and has no meaning or ultimate purpose, but human beings need it to make sense, to have meaning and purpose. Rejection of meaning-giving narratives: It is not enough to say that life is absurd; the existentialists repeatedly make the point that when philosophy, religion, or science tries to make sense of it, the attempts always fail.

As a based on the studied of Shinde, Pooja Pradeep. (2020) Santiago’s journey, the author intricate that everyone has the right to chase his dreams. Coelho is of the view that dreams do not have price. The novel highlights the inner quality that every human being should realize. The book proved to be life-changing and highly awakening to those who want to achieve their quest.

Punitha .J (2017) studied that When it is difficult to listen to our inner self and find what we really need he suggest through his novels “the Pilgrimage” the Alchemist” “the Aleph and “the Valkyries” to take a walk out the routine life, to seek out strange places, strange people and engulf oneself in loneliness through a physical journey, or may be a pilgrimage. That is when and where one will be able to listen to their own inner true voice and obtain tits true radiance. Most of his stress appears to be this in his words. He rather attempts to share all these as his life experiences that mend him to what he is now. Learn to listen to your “True Inner Voice”

Senejani ,Akram Amiri (2018) lighted on No Exit, as an intense and compressed dramatic parable, presents the core existential truth that each individual must ultimately face self truth and consequence, forced to an inescapable encounter with others who provide the measure for moral judgment. In the enclosed space of the stage that mirrors the enclosed self Sartre presents a modern morality play, while forecasting the themes and methods that emerge from the implications of an absurd universe and a search for new meaning.

4. Now write introductory and concluding lines. These lines shall be written to 'hook paragraphs' with each other. Write in such a way so the 'transitions' from one paragraph to another helps the 'flow of ideas'.

The Philosophy of life also teach to other is a difficult task but as per as Chauhan, S.G examined that There is particular aim after writing any work of art. Some authors write art for art sake and a few for life sake and here a Researcher assumes by reading Paulo Coelho’s works that Paulo Coelho is among those writers whose aim is to teach life philosophy means it deals with the meaning of life and therefore the method of living life through his works, however this type of authors place their philosophy in such a creative method in their works that it offers the teachings of life with delight. Hence, the method of living life reflected through his creative writing or works.

One of the more famous work is The Alchemist which leads as personal legend. Moreover, Bhise Alka suggested that Coelho’s The Alchemist which was considered as a world classic established his worldwide reputation. The research was noted as one of the 20th. Century most important literary phenomenon since Coelho entered for the second time in the Guinness Book of Records in Oct.2008. Bhise Alka proposes to evaluate Coelho’s The Alchemist as a novel that reflects his personal experiences in learning alchemy for eleven years. The main character, Santiago, who goes to a far away country just to pursue his dream. The journey completely changes the life of a Shepherded and his vision of life. Human life also full of struggle, dissatisfaction and loneliness. Therefore living with changes of life created problem.

In Christian spirituality mentioned about Spiritual experience which help to do journey of human being to supreme power. Pretorius, S.P suggested a spiritual experience for some means a mere fabrication of the mind. For others it is pathological and the consequence of psychiatric disturbances and psychological disorders. Others acknowledge that certain role-players are present when spiritual experiences occur. However, the identification of the involvement of these role-players by no means minimizes the spiritual experience to a level of being non-significant. A spiritual experience in Christian spirituality assumes as its foundation that a personal relationship with Christ exists. Religion must be helpful to feel relaxes of life but religion belief making them the strongest predictors that have yet to be identified.

For making stronger predictors religion belief and confidence on religion is necessary. Orenstein, Alan to examine the relationship between conventional religious belief, church attendance, and belief in paranormal phenomena. Greater religious belief is strongly associated with greater paranormal belief. Church attendance (and other measures of religious participation) are only weakly associated with paranormal belief until conventional religious belief is statistically controlled; once this is done, greater church attendance is strongly associated with lowered paranormal belief. Together, these two religious variables explain about one-quarter of the variance in paranormal belief, making them the strongest predictors that have yet to be identified. In Self knowledge journey observation of people should be more powerful. For that purpose realization of self passion must effected rather than power of position.

Always Journey of self enlightment divided into two ways Positive and negative. Regmi, Dipendra Raj says that Travel literature explores the positive as well as negative aspect of the journey. Coelho’s The Alchemist reflect the positive attitude towards human life in their observation. Santiago, an ordinary shepherd, crosses many tests and trials as in the parameter of the hero journey developed by Campbell. As a result, he is able to realize his self near the end of the novel. Santiago’s self-realization is the supreme reward of the journey. An adventurous journey is driven by the passion rather than power and position. The success of the shepherd is a departure from the canon of the past. At last, his reciprocal relation with the nature and natural objects can be another useful topic for further research because his communication with the wind is highly impressive in the entire novel. The reason behind this suggestion is to highlight the importance of reciprocity that is what lacking in the present world. Human tries to getting more from natural object although they felt emptiness in routine life. When life reach to climax mode of struggle, and try to found the way of life at the time felt everything has being but it is meaningless.

It is not enough to say everything is meaningless but the way of essence to make sense .Sartre, as an existentialist, show up some themes in his work which are absurdity: life is absurd, it makes no sense and has no meaning or ultimate purpose, but human beings need it to make sense, to have meaning and purpose. Rejection of meaning-giving narratives: It is not enough to say that life is absurd; the existentialists repeatedly make the point that when philosophy, religion, or science tries to make sense of it, the attempts always fail. When all the objects of human being are failing, there were religion not became helpful but for existential quest must be leads at spiritual Identity.

For that people felt spiritual experience which realize by natural object rather than religion aspect. As a based on the studied of Shinde, Pooja Pradeep. Santiago’s journey, the author intricate that everyone has the right to chase his dreams. Coelho is of the view that dreams do not have price. The novel highlights the inner quality that every human being should realize. The book proved to be life-changing and highly awakening to those who want to achieve their quest. The achievement of awaking to listen inner self rather than outside voice.

Society also powerful physically rather mentality but listen to inner voice realize happiness for self. Punitha .J studied that When it is difficult to listen to our inner self and find what we really need he suggest through his novels “the Pilgrimage” the Alchemist” “the Aleph and “the Valkyries” to take a walk out the routine life, to seek out strange places, strange people and engulf oneself in loneliness through a physical journey, or may be a pilgrimage. That is when and where one will be able to listen to their own inner true voice and obtain tits true radiance. Most of his stress appears to be this in his words. He rather attempts to share all these as his life experiences that mend him to what he is now. Learn to listen to your “True Inner Voice” It is one of the ways of believing in self inner voice which leads to destination of satisfaction, happiness and peaceful life.

Spirituality comes from inner space so that without uttering of religion truly followed human existence and essence or meaningless of life. Singh, Priti described the philosophy of existentialism is a 20th century movement, which emphasizes the active Participation of will, rather than reason, in confronting the problems of a non – moral or absurd Universe. The term existentialism is applied to philosophical doctrines enunciated by Kierkegaard, Heidegger and Sartre which is centered upon the analysis of human beings that Regard human existence as not exhaustively describable or understandable in idealistic or scientific terms. Existentialism is marked by its emphasis on the concreteness, subjectivity and Individuality of human existence. Idealistically human existence on self development or individual pleasure rather than mass social world.

Individual human existence also connected with self realization which preferring way of existentialism. Human never exit of various factors. Senejani ,Akram Amiri lighted on No Exit, as an intense and compressed dramatic parable, presents the core existential truth that each individual must ultimately face self truth and consequence, forced to an inescapable encounter with others who provide the measure for moral judgment. In the enclosed space of the stage that mirrors the enclosed self Sartre presents a modern morality play, while forecasting the themes and methods that emerge from the implications of an absurd universe and a search for new meaning.

5. Now write 'Concluding Paragraph' of the 'Review of Related Literature'. Start with clear, strong and concrete statement. Make your conclusions about your 'Literature Review'.

Most of the research has been done on magical realism, mystery-miracle or based on vivid themes but there is not found research work based on Existential quest for spiritual Identity in Poulo Coelho’s novel. Through their endeavors, the characters of Coelho attain the realization of what their essence is, or in other words it is the process of revealing the real “I” rather than what the others think of a person. Their endeavors are various forms of journeys. It is an exalted process – the strenuous physical journey and the tumultuous spiritual journey seeking the real meaning of the inner Self. It is an achievement that undergoes the classical procedure of incomparable dimensions. It is an inward growth revealing the real “I.” Through this inward movement the individual attains self respect, learns to diminish the profound ego, and voluntarily trains to break free from the fetters of already set, preconceived notions. The individuals achieve courage to make themselves free from the conventional and stubborn ideas imposed on them by the society.

6. Now, write 'Introduction'. The thesis statement shall be 'last' in the Introduction and 'first' in the Conclusion.

Journey to the Self is an essential process that provides life with a meaningful existence. It is capable of answering many of the puzzles that life has imposed. It has been a haunting question for great souls as “who am I?” for aeons. The world has witnessed many sages and saints spending a major part of their life roving and meditating on the mountain tops to find out the meaning of their existence and enjoy the ultimate ecstasy of attaining self-actualization. The journey has taken them to a wider world of deeper truths. The great example is of Gautama Buddha, who renounced the luxurious life of his palace as a prince which he felt to be futile, in order to find out who he really was and what his mission on earth had been. Seers have crystallized the essence of the Self through deeper introspection and wide thinking. The term Self-actualization refers to the process of attains.

The term Self-actualization refers to the process of attaining a transcendence of the Self which enables the individual to consider himself/herself as an integral part of the universe. An individual tends to cross conventional concepts and behavioral restrictions during this process. This is an endeavor which is inevitable for the spiritual and psychological growth of the individual. During the journey through this spiritual and adventurous route, the individual meets his/her own destiny which is buried beneath their daily existence. At the end of the journey, as a result of attaining self-actualization, the individual equips himself/herself to discover the deeper meaning of life. Thus the individual attains self-actualization through a radical inner transformation of the Self.

References

Chauhan, S.G., Depiction of Philosophical dimensions in Paulo Coelho’s BRIDA, International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, vol.5, no. 4, 2018, pp. 770–771.

Mart, Cagri Tugrul, Existentialism in two plays of Jean-Paul Sartre, Journal of English and Literature, vol.3, no. 11, 2012, pp. 50–54, http://www.academicjournals.org/IJEL

Orenstein, Alan. Religion and Paranormal Belief. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, vol. 41, no. 2, 2002, pp. 301–11, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1388010. Accessed 5 May 2022.

Pretorius, S.P. Understanding Spiritual Experience in Christian Spirituality.Acta Theologica Supplementum,Vol. 11, 2008, pp. 147-168.

Punitha .J, The Theme of Spiritual Quest in Paulo Coelho’s Select Novels, IJELLH, vol. 4, no. 10, 2017, pp. 51–53.

Regmi, Dipendra Raj, Heroic Self-discovery of the Shepherd in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist, The Outlook: Journal of English Studies, vol.11, no. 11, 2020, pp. 99–107.

Shinde, Pooja Pradeep. Quest for Self as Reflected in Paulo Coelho’s Novel, ‘The Alchemist.,Shanlax International Journal of English, vol. 8, no. 2, 2020, pp. 7–10.

Senejani ,Akram Amiri, Sartre’s Existentialist Viewpoint in No Exit, International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature, , vol.5, no. 4, 2018, pp. 770–771.

Lalji Baraiya

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