Paper
no: - 2 “The Neo- classical Literature”
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q Name: - Lalji G. Baraiya.
q Course: - M.A.-1, Sem-1.
q Year: - 2018-20.
q Roll no.:- 21.
q Enrollment no.:-2069108420190001.
q Paper no.:- 2(Neo- Classical Literature).
q Topic: - “The principle satire of the age, views about the
fact and satire, largely used in prose and poetry.
q Submitted to: - Smt.
S.B.Gardi.Dep.of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.
q Words:- 1,643
v Neo-
classical age:-
The
centuries of 17th and 18th both are known Age of Neo –classical
age. In this age revered and imitated principle of traditional, ancient Greek and
Roman art and literature. Neo- classical created new themes for writers. Most
of the during this time in additional new ideas and thought about nature.
Writers and critic valued restraint in experience and expression. Her We
includes well- known writers like as Moliere, Racine, Dryden, Pope, Swift and Samuel
Johnson…etc.
v Definition
of Neo- classical age:-
In
this age most of the great writers and poets do best work. In 18th century
in English literature W can called “the Augustan Age” and “Age of reason”. First of we can try to understand words of
“neo- classical”. Here “Neo” words means a young, something new rather than old
age and do different and creative. Another word is “classical” means that the
style of Greek and roman writers,
Write in traditional way and ancient
manner of the old age. So here we achieved meaning of “Neo- classical age”. The
word “Neo” is Greek word.
v Age of
Neo- classical in English literature:-
The
period of Neo- classicism is that the half of the 17th century to
the end of the 18th century. We can saw during the Elizabethan age
respect for the rules. Always Elizabethan writer give play to imagination with
entertainment. During this age natural reaction against this tendency was seeing
in poets of metaphysical. They all are react against Elizabethan writers then
they try to develop own strength and system of writing poetry.
These methods
are not graceful. It was difficult and complicated. They believe that reading poetry only for a job,
they cannot read for entertainments. Both writers are helped in the evolution
of neo- classicism in England.
In
Neo- classical age responsible for this change through politically factor. Another reason is that during this age more influence
of France on English manner. King Charles II came back then he restored to
monarchy in England. He was lived long time in the France. When he was came to
England at that he brought with a love of France, elegance and artistic taste.
France is later half of 17yh century under King Louis XIV. He was model of
every mummer. Louise XIV takes interest in literature. France developed
influence Boil eve rapine and Bossu formulated their theory of poetry. This
theory upon based the authority of Aristotle’s theory.
Neo-
classical as effected through many movements. Here one of them movements is
that the English Neo- classical movements was started and derived from French
models. It was dominated English
literature from the Restoration age.
v Three
part of Neo- classical age:-
1] The restoration age [1660-1700]
-
Milton, Bunyan and Dryden were the dominant Figures.
2] The Augustan Age [1700- 1750]
-
Smollett, Pope, Defoe, Richardson, Field was the dominate
figures.
3] The Age of Johnson [1750-1798]
-
Dr. Samuel Johnson was the dominate figure of this age.
Neo-
classical age represented a reaction against the optimism of renaissance. In
this age writers believe that the most appropriate subject of the art is only
man. We normally read literature of Restoration age so we can find that
Restoration age’s literature replaced the renaissance literature. During this
age some subjects for write something like as imagination, invention, religions,
politics, economy and philosophy but seldom man was centered for anything
writes.
v Characteristics
of Neo- classical age:-
Ø No Passionate lyric
Ø Poetic diction
Ø Heroic Couplet
Ø Racialism
Ø Didacticism
Ø Realism
Neo- classical age has not only one name
but also this age known period of” Enlightenment”, period of “ logic” and “ age of Johnson”. This age was very richful
age because during that time influenced by Roman and Greeks, Rise of political
parties. There were many people literate in this age. Most of the genres like
as parody, essays, Satire, Letters, fables and also melodrama.
This age was concerned with “Nature” Ex.:-
human nature.
We knew this age “classical “as the
writers of this age were influenced by the classical writers. They were also imitated them in their work.
This age is rich full but rejected fancy
and desired and guided by some reason.
Most important spatiality of this age demanded
instruction and information.
This age helped to establish some
practical rules of conduct.
In this age had a great influence of French
writers and literature.
These ages well known writers have good
quality of literatures like as the work of John Dryden, Pope, Swift, Addison as
well as many of their contemporaries. They have qualities of order, clarity and
stylistic decorum.
v About
Poetry:-
The
poetry is dominated by neo-classical traits. The lyrical spirit, these are
makes by Caroline charm and skill. It is however often artificial in thought.
Only the court poets meant much consideration.
·
Some court poets:-
Ø Rochester:-
Rochester
represents in his work mostly love and life. Satire against mankind his superior
satirical talent and he concentrated cleverness. Rochester is the only one
serious court poet, but he has left love lyric of grace and songs of
distinction.
Ø Charles
Sackville:-
Charles
Sackville is poet and courtier to Dryden dedicated his of dramatic poesy. He
has written also epigram modern satires. For example’
“Daring’s sparking wit and eyes.” Is
satire on Katherine sadly, mistress of James II, most famous was ballad of
eleven stanza, we can call “song written at sae.”
Ø John
Sheffield:-
Third
earl of Margrave and after words first Duke of Buckingham and Norman by
1648-1721. Poet statesman of the court wits Sheffield was the most respectable,
His essays on satire published anonymously.
Ø Went Wrath
Dillon:-
He
was first critic to praise Milton’s paradise lost, Translated Horace are poetical
in to blank verse.”Poetic Diction” destined for fuller development. He was
quite free of the low code of morals of his contemporaries.
v Some
Satiric Poets:-
Ø John
Oldham:-
Johnson
Oldham was old writer. Whose memory Dryden has written a noble ode and satirist
designated by Scott as “The English Juvenal”.
Ø Samuel
Butler:-
Samuel Butler was a satirist,
Poet, Son of a farmer. He educated at the king’s school Worcester gentleman
servant to Elizabeth, Counters of Kent at Wrest Park in 1619. Money obtained by
marriage to Mrs. Herbert soon last secretary. During his lifetime to severa3
country squires including Sir Samuel.
Ø
Hudibras:-
He
was great writers during that age. He was wrote unfinished Mock because epic of
more than ten thousand lines. It became very popular because topical satirizes
the Round heads by exploiting the “humors” of the long faced. The anti puritan image
of the poems is important withering surface portraiture broadly comic current
mock solemn.
v Some
poets of Neo- classical age:-
Ø Alexander
Pope:-
-
He was famous for satirical epic poem. He
was not only satirist but he also famous essayist, Critic and also a poet.
-
His most famous work like as “The Rape of
the lock.”. It was a verse to the memory of an unfortunate lady “and “Dunciad”
[1728] in noteworthy.
-
His essays are also written in verse form
and are as beautiful as his Poems. His first book can be considered as a longer
philosophical poem.
-
His Heroic couplets like as “An essay on
criticism” is a kind of rhyming verse known as heroic couplets. It first
appeared in 1711.
-
Another heroic poem like “Rape of the
lock”. It was first published in two cantos and later on another three cantos
were added to the previous ones.
-
His poem is “Eloisa to Abelard” was inspired
by the 12th century illicit love and secret marriage.
Ø Mathew
Prior:-
-
He writes his first book [male debut by] “Panther”
in collaboration.
-
He always uses his verse to comment on the
event politics.
-
His verse society shows a light touch and
a pleasing turn of expression.
-
His famous poem “Henry” and “Emma” serves
as a text for a study of the blunders of Neo- classicism.
Ø James
Thomson:-
-
He was born in 1700 at edaman. He was as a writers the signalized the departure
from the town to the country. He
was chosen Spenserian stanza and blank verses his medium and eschewed the stopped
couplet. He wrote some works of arts “winter”, “spring”,
“summer” and “autumn” and in “The castle of indolence”. His long poem on “Liberty”.
-
“The Season” was a particular poetry of
nature.
-
“Castle of Indolence” was a half humorous
description of the retreat at Richmond.
-
“Liberty” was a very good example of blank
verse. In this verse expresses Thomson attitude as a patriotic wing.
Ø Edward
Young:-
-
He has a collection of poem. We can call “Nine
– thought”.
-
The
Nine Poems are:-
1] Life, death and immorality
2] Time, death and friendship
3] Narcissi
4] The Christian Triumph
5] The Relapse
6] The Infidel Reclaimed
7] The nature, Proof and Importance of
Immorality
8] Virtue’s Apology-or, The Man of the
world Answered.
9] The consolation
v The
rise of the novel:-
During this
period Defoe was written some another way an anomaly. He wrote about social
criticism and satire before he was turn novels. He wrote fiction like as “Moll Flanders”
and “Robinson Crusoe”. He also wrote Augustan tradition and early prose. In the
18th century’s first Successful English novel is that “Robinson
Crusoe” by Defoe. In English novel was most of the increase of difference
literary traditions among them French romance, Spanish tale,The political prose
satires of Manley was exposes of high-
society scandals written in the traditional of “ Love Letter”. Manly is famous novelist. He
wrote novel like as “The Secret History of Queen Zarah and the Zairians” and
“The New Atlantis”. Both novels were most famous.
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