Paper no: - 1 “Renaissance Literature”

Paper no: - 1 “Renaissance Literature”

To evaluate my assignments, Please click here:-
https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2015/10/rubric-for-evaluation-of-oral.html

q Name: - Lalji G. Baraiya.

q Course: - M.A.-1, Sem-1.

q Year: - 2018-20.

q Roll no.:- 21.

q Enrollment no.:-2069108420190001.

q G-mail Id.:- laljibaraiya789@gmail.com.

q Paper no.:- 1(Renaissance Literature).

 Topic: - “Philosophical & Critical views on metaphysical Poetry:-1) Death not be proud  2) The dream”

q  Submitted to: - Smt. S.B.Gardi.Dep.of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

q   Words:- 1,929

  v About John Donne:-

                                             John Donne was most famous for Metaphysical Poetry. He was born in London in 1572. He is known as the founder of metaphysical poetry but this term found by Samuel Johnson.  He is not only metaphysical Poet but he also English Essayist, and philosopher in eighteenth century. Donne reached beyond the rational and hierarchica3 structure of the seventeenth century.

  v Metaphysical Poetry:-

                                           During the age of Milton  and Jacobean Many Poetry Published. It is known as Metaphysical Poetry because they were written altogether difference ways after that poetry come its known Metaphysical Poetry. So, in your mind increased question, Why Is Is called Metaphysical Poetry? What is like that?  So let’s discussion about some characteristic of Metaphysical Poetry:

    1.     Metaphysical was the men of learning and scholarship by scholarly in the writing of their poems. They used of difference language in their poems.

    2.    They can scholars in the writing of poetry but there are no music, rhyme scheme and rhythms in the Metaphysical Poetry.

    3.    Far fetched images and conceits is the most remarkable feature of the Metaphysical Poetry. That wanted to bring new images  to distingue themselves.

    4.    It was the demand of time for Donne and his school to write Poetry in difference way.  They  had presented the theme of love and Christianity in the manner.

    5.    One more critic Helen gardener mentions that:-

                             
                                      “Donne and his schools changed the whole perspective of a writing poetry. They wrote poems in a way in which it was not even imagined by others.

a) Death be not Proud:-

                          “Death be not Proud” is a poem written by English Metaphysical poet ‘John Donne’. He is written probably around 1610, and first published posthumously in 1633. It is the Tenth sonnet in Donne’s posthumously published holy sonnet.

  v Theme of this poem:-

-      Mortality

-          Dreams

-          Hopes

-          Plans

-          Religion

-          Courage

  v About this Poem:-

                                       
                                    Here are John Donne is try to explain his own view about Death. He challenge to death and he says death that be no proud.  Donne’s view on this uptime reality called death.  Here John Donne give address to death saying that there is no need for death be proud through some people call it very powerfully and dangerous. John Donne good imagine of death is nothing but sleep & rest.

  v Death as a slave:-

                                     Here John Milton describes fourth things of the death.  He always says that Death is nothing so we have never feared of death because death has merely a slave of this forth things:-   

-          Kings

-          Distress in life

-          Chance

-          Faith

                                

  v  Three places Where Death lives forever:-

                                        We can’t imagine about place of death because any person has home and places but here John DONNE very nice ideas for places of death. He says that death lives in these three places forever this places are like  a home for death. Where death lives:-

-          War

-          Poisson

-          Sickness

  v Meaning of words:-

Mighty- Powerful	Slave- servant
Delivery- To reach freedom	Desperate- One who feds up
Fate- Destiny	Sickness- Ill
Dost- Does	Stroke- Attack
Thee- you	Charms- Difference ways o f putting person to  sleep

  v Rhyme scheme :-

                            In this holy sonnet, John Donne arrange to good rhyme scheme. In this holy sonnet we can find Rhyme scheme is like as ABBA/ABBA/ABBA/AA. John Donne master of used rhyme scheme. We can find in this sonnet Donne mixes up the Shakespearean and the Petrarchan sonnet. (Shakespearean means that according to the division and Petrarchan means that according to the Rhyme scheme.)

v Analysis of Sonnet:-

q  The first quatrain:-

                                   

                                We can saw in the first line, here is personifying death y the speaker. The speaker says that he shouldn’t proud although some people call him very mighty, fearful and dreadful but really it is not doing. So it is the reason for death not e proud.

                                The speaker descries weakness of the death. He says that death can’t do anything. Many people killed by the death but they aren’t death. Only physical body is change never soul die. Then he continuously arguments with death and he gives addresses of the death that death is a poor thing even though he never destroy or kill him.

q  The second quatrain:-

                                In the second stanza the speaker try to arguments with giving us a some proof.  The speaker says that death is just like as sleep and rest; He is asking what We get from sleep & rest?  Only freshness and pleasure and if sleep and rest are a copy from the original death. So we can say that from death is get more pleasure with longtime.  The speaker is telling us that when death come to us for it is well free our souls and it is well rest our bones. Our soul will fly from this prison which is the body.  He is telling us that we shouldn’t afraid from it because it happens every day.

q  The third quatrain:-

                                     In the third stanza the speaker is try to giving us another proof that death never e mighty. He is compare to death with as a slave person.  Slave is control by his master. So slaves cannot control themselves but he ready to obey orders especially when people want to commit Suicide, he goes with them and also he is a slave to chance, kings, Faith and Distress in life.

                                The speaker here is descries to us places of the death when death also living there. It was surrounded by poison, wars and sickness. So he is not powerful or mighty because it can change its surroundings.

                                The speaker give more examples for convince to us that anyone can have a long sleep through  using drugs or any kind of medicines so death is not strong enough and this is better than striking us because we will be waiting to die. After all arguments with death then he says, that Why he is proud of himself?

v The Couplet:-

                             Here is John Donne philosophical arguments against of the death. He  is telling death that he is not afraid of him because when we after sleep , We will wake up and live eternally and death in the other life will have no place for him and he shall be finished.

v Figure of Speech:-

 In this holy sonnet we can find full of Alliteration:-

Line-1  through—thee.

Line-3 those---thou

Line-4 dies—death/ canst--kill

Line-6  much—more/then—thee/from—flow.

Line-10  dist-dwell/ with—war.

Line-12 than—thy/ thou—then

Line-13 one—we—wake.

v Metaphor& personification :-

                        In this sonnet speaker is compare to death as a slave, as sleep, kidding death better sleep, Soul delivery, servant of war, poison, sickness better poppy rather than death. He compares death to as a person who is proud. Another thing is that John Donne ends the poem with Paradox and irony: Death, thou shalt die. Death is given negative human traits, Pride mainly. Death is likened to sleep, a common places image.

v Metonymy:-

                    John Donne used metonymy in 14 lines holy sonnets like as Poppy and charms refer to the use of opium and magic to produce as a sleep or to produce as a gentle death. Poppy is metonymy, it is what is derived from the poppy that is the opiate not literally the flower itself.

v Hindu  Religion in this poem:-

                               

                             “No weapons can cut, no fire can burn, no water can wet this, nor do winds dry it.”

                                                                                                                        (Bhagavat Geeta)

Sheree Krishna Said,

                                    The soul can never be cut to pieces by any weapon, nor burned by fire, nor moistened by water, nor withered by the wind.

                                      So John Donne presents an argument against the power death through this holy sonnet. The poet addresses death as a person. He gives physical characteristic to inanimate idea or concept.

v Islamic belief about death:-

                                               “And you should know that if the nation gathered to gather to benefit you, they will benefit you only with something Allah has decreed for you and if they gather together to harm you. They will harm you only with something Allah has decreed for you.”

                                                                                                                         (Muanad, Al-lman-307)

                                                   These words of the Prophet evidence Allah’s control and power over everything. At the same time, it disestablishes Donne’s opinion regarding anyone’s control over death.

                                    The last two lines of the sonnets are important from a comparative Islamic and Christian point of view:

                       “One short sleep passed, we wake eternally, and death shall be no more; death; thou shalt die,”

                                                                                                (Donne, Death be not proud, pro. 226)

                                  Here is death is symbol of something mortal neither alarming nor frightening death which destroys the body becomes embodied and meets the same fate it dispenses to other.

v Conclusion:-

                          

                                          John Donne conclude his sonnet saying that death no need to proud ; this life is one sleep in a sense that it is full of illusion but death librates us from that illusion and we wake up forever.

v The Dream

                                            This poem written by John Donne.  This poem is like as admirable lyric poem. This poem is very abstract and intellectual poem. The poet use of variety like as similes.  He is used not only sight but also thoughts and emotions. There is as much of drama, Imagination, feeling, sensation and experience as of intellectual and some logical.

v Analyses of the poem:-

                                           ‘The dream’ poem is starting an essay style. This poem style  of like as conversational.  In this poem center  addressing his beloved, being loss, confusion, sorrow and frustration. This poem  dream within a dream.

                                           Here the poet is say that her arrival is giving him the same enjoy as he was happy in his dream. This poem is imaginary p[poem but she is may be real living, breathing women has made such accounts of female beauty look.  All that the  poets have imagined about feminine charms and perfections.

v Use of Hyperbole:-

                                       The poet is compares to the brightness of her eyes to the light of candle lighting, It had not sound made by her arrival, but this bright and light of her eyes. The poet says and compare with angle like as she knows his thought and feeling as she can look in to his heart and read his thoughts. She is not only angelic but also divine. She is a goddess much superior to angles.

                                       Here I have say s that John Donne is clever lawyer. He has given arguments after arguments to establish the point that his beloved is a goddess in human being. This poem of the last stanza he says that he saws her love is not as strong as he had supposed it. The poet has rather than critics his divine beloved.

                                       John Donne continues to makes use of a conceit.  In this poem poet compare himself like as torch and his beloved to a person who lights a torch, then extinguishes it. Donne would dream of her early return. He has hope along which could make him.

Paper no: - 3 “Literary Theory& criticism”

Paper no: - 3 “Literary Theory& criticism”

To evaluate my assignment,  Please click here:-
https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2015/10/rubric-for-evaluation-of-oral.html

q Name: - Lalji G. Baraiya.

q Course: - M.A.-1, Sem-1.

q Year: - 2018-20.

q Roll no.:- 21.

q Enrollment no.:-2069108420190001.

q G-mail Id.:- laljibaraiya789@gmail.com.

  q Topic: - Write a detailed note about “Catharsis”.

q  Submitted to: - Smt. S.B.Gardi.Dep.of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

q   Words:- 1,706

  v About Catharsis:-

  Ø  First of I will tell you about words of ‘Catharsis’ means of that purgation and purification of emotions of the any person. Catharsis words came in to Greek language. It is term of literature and most of is by Shakespearean. We can saw in his most of drama and play refraction of the catharsis. In the play and drama he put tragedy of protagonists. So here I will try to explain about meaning of catharsis, Definition, catharsis in tragedy and comedy, Social catharsis and some example of catharsis. So let’s start…

  v What is catharsis?

  Ø  Catharsis increased by Aristotle. Normally we can say that catharsis means purgation of emotions and purification of emotions. I will give you one example for help you understand of catharsis like as When we go to watch movie at that time we beat ourselves in the hero’s life. Then we feel sympathy for the hero. During that time fight with hero, bad condition of our ideal hero.  So at that time we really feel of hero’s emotions and sympathy. Sometimes audience crying for saw the condition of hero. So here we find that it is term of related of emotions, felling, Sympathy, pity and fear.

  Ø  Great critics Aristotle used these two words ‘pity and fear’ for catharsis because the emotions to purify by fear and pity of audience.

  Ø  It was Greek term of “Katharsis”.  We have never understand about clearly that but There has been normally accepted as a kind of purification and purgation. But It was feel when experience in tragedy a realize from the emotions and sensitivity of fear and pity by the transcending them.

  v  According to Aristotle:-

  Ø  When we dissociation about catharsis at that time we have say that first discussion of the tragedy.  The effect of tragedy should be end on the point where the audience or the readers got a satisfying calm of the mind after sufferings from intense emotions of fear and pity.

  Ø  So there is catharsis about a satisfying with calm of audiences mind. Then effect of such purification is spiritual renewed.

  Ø  Aristotle called this kind of experience of catharsis, when literature provides strong emotional experiences that ultimately result in a sense of purification.

Ø  When Aristotle was speaking specifically about catharsis and theater, I can say that all types’ art can make us feel deeply from Shakespearian tragedies to blockbuster movies. Shakespearean has mastered of catharsis. If Aristotle talks about theater and any art so when we saw movie and painting during that time our emotions are help to understand to catharsis. We can feel of feeling of artist. They all are feel good and bad at the end even if they make us feel sad and happiness.  So Aristotle has used very clearly in poetic and medicine sense.  Aristotle says that, He translates catharsis as purification, experience and emotion that brings pity and fear into their proper balance. 

v Catharsis in the Tragedy:-

  Ø  When we read a book of novel and drama and watch movie at that time writers includes first of scenes tragedy. So tragedy is needful step of achieve catharsis. There are Aristotle defines a tragedy as a complete story featuring high stakes conditions. Tragedy is as language of symbolic and significant language. Tragedy should be told through pleasing language and most of performing on the stage rather than read. Then we can say finally through pity and fear the audience should leave feeling clean by emotionally Catharsis.

  Ø  Aristotle’s says that the objectives of tragedies is that arising terror and pity. But these are not only doing by the tragedy but it was done by the effect of the catharsis and emotions. Another thing is that Aristotle said about catharsis that it was a function of a senthic and tragedies. It was the most important thing for bring the audience to emotional height and then help in the resolving any story. Another thing is that it can use in bringing the back down again. We can understand clearly by the example of Hamlet, Dr. Faustus and story of the purpose.

  Ø  I must found in Greek and roman playwright definitely use of catharsis. In classical drama from Sophocles, other Ancients Greek and roman playwright also arranged set the stage. Even Shakespeare used in Elizabethan era. We can find some example of catharsis like as “Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet...Etc.

  Ø  Here I will try to explain by example of “Hamlet”. In the tragic play of hamlet at the end of the play like the audience has been through emotionally journey that leaves them feeling difference from when the play began. In this play we feel something wrong with hamlet by judgments of error and fate. So here are we feel sympathy toward him. Many time audiences understand that hero’s bad condition and problem are my problem. Then audience learnt that I can do everything like hero but we never do in real life.

  Ø  Catharsis refers to a purging of emotions and purification. Catharsis was do sometimes renewal resulting fro0 pity, sorrowful condition, any time sympathy with laughter. In the catharsis mostly applied to the experience of the audience.

  Ø  Certainly I cannot say that Where is Catharsis coming from? But these terms comes from the Aristotle’s poetics. He says that Catharsis was a purgation of the emotions. He take focus only purification and purgation. Plato was believed in poetry always emotional and irrational. But Aristotle saw poetry as an outline for emotion.

  Ø  When we saw film, during that time When characters under goes a mentally depression and physically change often because he had suffering and he was must experience in his life an emotional overflow.

 v Catharsis and Comedy:-

  Ø  There are most of the time create a question is that How are we found Catharsis in the play and drama. Catharsis is not only part of tragedy but also in the comedy. That type’s catharsis has also realized the audience and another thing is that identification of the chief characters. When we will read play and show movies at that time character in a romantic comedy is embarrassed against of their crush. During that condition we must laugh and cringe their familiar experiences through a safe distance.

  Ø  Comedy in catharsis It was more important thing and difficult to presenting in the play because comedy was only presently considered as the exclusive property of tragedy. During the Elizabethan era as the theatre of the Absurd playwrights had attend a significant catharsis in comedy at the last. Even through these “Absurdist’s” had edged critically near the whimsical.

  Ø  Here are we can prove through sympathetic identification with the tragic protagonist in his sight.  At the end of the play outlook of enlarged Tragedy rather than became a healthful and humanizing effect on the spectator and readers.

 v Some Example of catharsis in literature and film industry:-

1] Hamlet:-

  Ø  This tragic play by William Shakespeare between 1580 to 1642. There are story of revenge for murder of his father.  This is tragic story because in this story concerned with murder, Violence and more deadly reaction. We all are known that revenge never stop. We can saw in this play became some crime and murder heinous and unnatural. Also Hamlet says in play that,

“My weakness and my melancholy”.

  Ø  So, Hamlet is powerful character in the play but he do many time error of judgments and he don’t able to perfect decision.  When he was fight with Ophelia’s brother then death’s of Hamlet at that time we feel catharsis towards Hamlet.

2] Oedipus Rex:-

  Ø  “Oedipus Rex” is one of the tragic plays in Greek literature.  This is most famous tragedy in Greek. So it is a Greek tragedy. Here is Oedipus is title role of the play and protagonist of the play. He was unknowingly married with his mother. WE can understand at the end of the play, when the hero do tragic mistake had been revealed and his promise reason for his end. Oedipus gouges his eyes out.  At the end of the play Oedipus by doing penance by gouging out his own eyes.

3] Romeo and Juliet:-

  Ø  “Romeo and Juliet” is a story of two lovers. Both have sought released from “Crossed” to love by killing themselves. But when two families bury the hatchet in the play at that time audience feeling catharsis. In this play good arrangements of two lovers Elements.

4] Doctor Faustus:-

  Ø  “The tragically history of life and death of Doctor Faustus” was tragic play written by Christopher Marlowe. In this play Doctor Faustus is protagonist of the play. He has lust of knowledge. He believes that he has knowledge of all things then he prefers to learn magic. He sells his soul of devil and he promise to devil that he give his soul before 24 years. At the end of the play tragically death of Doctor Faustus. So, we can feel catharsis during die of the Faustus. We do experience that pity towards Doctor Faustus.

5] Raees:-

  Ø  “Raees” is Indian action film and released in 2017. This film director is Rahul Dholakiya. This story of Gujarat and chief theme of that film is that transport of wind.  Shahrukh is protagonist of film. During watching movie we feel pity and fear towards hero. End of this movie hero died.

6] Gunday:-

  Ø  “Gunday” film directed by Ali Abbas  Zaffar.  It was Indian thriller film. This story about Bangladesh in  after  1971 war. In this film one women love two brothers. Both are chief of railways of carbon coals. When both are go to wrong way and fall down their life by small mistake, we see in this film both are died at the end of the film. During that audience became emotionally fearful and pity.

 v Social Catharsis:-

  Ø  In the play and movie describe many condition of social, political and Religion. When Emotional condition can be elicit physiological, expressive and Subjective changes in personally. Affected personally always use social sharing as a catharsis release of emotion.