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q Name:- Lalji. G. Baraiya.
q Course:- M.A.-2 , Sm-3.
q Year:- 2019-’20.
q Roll no.:- 17.
q Enrollment no.:-2069108420190001.
q Paper no.:- 10(American Literature).
q Total words:- 2,033
q Submitted to:- Smt.
S.B.Gardi.Dep.of Engllish Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.
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Moral guilt by male and
female Characters with references of “The Scarlet Letter”.
·
Introduction:-
We all are living in particular society and
Society working with specific moral value. So that May be you have question pop
up in your mind that what is morality? Who is creating moral rights? How it’s
work for society? It’s necessary nowadays? Are you happy or not through
morality? May be many time morality create stress into the mind. In today’s
time there are many people live without morality although they have happiness
and they also achieved success in life. Don’t worry; just now put idea into mind but
here I talk about Puritan morality which used for Justifiable of sin and
punishment. So let’s me know with references of the novel “The Scarlet Letter”.
·
What is Morality?:-
According to meaning of Dictionary that It is
the distinction between good and bad things which depend on particular behavior
so that it’s make human being ethically well. Here in the definition I can’t
find particular boundary for male and female. But Society almost define own
ways. We can say that it is the power whose has created that kind of rights and
rules for their self benefit and self motives not for society. It is also created morality according to the
power and crucial questions are that for male and female morality remains
different. It’s seems that in India has patriarchy whose still rules in today’s
time and as a result of it women has to suffer a lot into community.
·
Moral rules for men and
Women:-
In
our society create different kind of moral rules which mostly based on gender.
In India generally we find patriarchal society and masculine power in family.
So that Masculine power rules on female with rigid principles. Many time we loss
great and good person for reason of morality. Am I right? Although patriarchy
exists within the scientific atmosphere, the periods over which women would
have been at a physiological disadvantage participation in hunting through
being at a late stage of pregnancy or early stage of child rearing would have
been short. In the time of the Nomads, patriarchy still grew with power.
Leonine and others argue that such biological determinism unjustly limits of
women. They gave statement that women not behave a certain way because of they
are biologically inclined rather than men because they are judged by the
stereotypical local image of formality.
In our society women can’t think without permission of men
even on their own ways so that they all time have to depend on the male. They have not freedom to behave own way but
they have to remain in under the male power and
society’s value. There are so many fields where they can’t go so we can say
that whole process of women is in the hands of patriarchal power. Same
happening In puritan society that Women could not speak against religion &
priest. They live life like hell because If sin becoming by male so that
society disaffirmed easily but It’s becoming by female so that society punished
with cruelty. They hated and misbehaved with them.
·
The Scarlet Letter:-
A)
Hester’s guilt was total
and unquestionable:-
Here
the thought of Hester seems to be that she is an individual so that the
individual has the right to deny or questioning the traditional morality of his
or her society. If I saw puritan ethic’s point of view that was appropriate
situation in Hester’s case because she has sinned against the particular
authority. Moreover In Christian book of Bible said seven types of sin so here one of the sin of
Adultery happened by Hester. As a adulteress has sinned against the dominion of
god and lost his favor forever by puritan society. The Puritan Society looks at
Hester with rigidity. Hester had sinned unredeemable and she almost may be made
for self-punishment through her badge of Shame which always reminding her guilt
whenever she went. How it’s terrible condition for her? May be I have
limitation to think of unconscious mind of Hester. So she lived terrible life
with guilt.
B)
Double Punishment:-
She was suffering in one of the
self-punishment then Suddenly She faced another problem of Pearl’s presence
which continually reminds her another sin. She was like alone ship among the
thunder of sea. During that time Puritan Society announced about its
commandment over the particularly individual conscience through forced her to
accept her sin and self punishment. In the novel Chapter number V mentioned
that Hester also try to refuse her punishment through way of running alone. May
be Hester succeed on her condition by her needle work. The dust of Hester and
Dimmesdale was not allowed to intermix even after the death of those two. May
be Puritan Society had forgiven them but if their vindication on the hand of
God. At that time Puritan ethic was carried out in the book in that respect. I
think that “ The Scarlet Letter ” focus on more debatable point of women role
So here it’s not only one way of looking book but we find many way of looking
book. It is my interpretation so there are many way comprehension way of
possibility.
C)
Hester was sinful
creature but who was perfect among us? Who is Capable of judging her?:-
Jean
Calvin was a eternal sinfulness of man in history of Christian more famous for Christian
follower. During that time Calvin mentioned that everybody felt eternally
guiltiness in the existence in front of God. They all believed that
preservation came through only power of god. Here I notify that in ‘The Scarlet
Letter’ most of the figure of men was felt guilty. If I am not wrong we all are
sometime felt shamefulness. So we don’t have capacity of judging Hester.
However Dimmesdale and Chilling worth felt guilty of examine properly in the
depth of the heart of human. In chapter XVII, As Dimmesdale put it and Chilling
worth had violated in cold blood and godliness. In Chapter V Hester had
expansion sympathetic instinct for the as a sinners in Boston. Hester could
understood sinfulness in society Whom it may be last expected of community. All
that shows a Boston, society of puritan that was not able for judging figure of
Hester because all that it members were sinful in one way or the other way.
D)
Hester sinned against
Dimmesdale’s morality but not against her own, here morality is like relative:-
During that time issued
of faithfulness in religious morality was less important rather than individual
moral sense. So here I known that Hester had private morality which was
corrected rather than social morality was completely wrong there. The
significance on the individually appropriate here in typically 19th
century. In that situation may would be that Hester had offended as a social or
moral code but other figures of the novel like Dimmesdale, chilling worth,
Bellingham and other unnamed people. Although if a whole society was corrupted
or sinful so that individual whose moral
sense made him for his penance and
Another thing reflect that he has own personal morality against of whole
society. Here another interesting point is that She also still wear the letter
“ A” but the meaning of the word has now changed from ‘ Adulteress’ to ‘ Able’
or ‘ Angel’. She is good puritan women who have been true to her own self
ordained punishment. She also felt for her sin both through the Scarlet letter
and the child pearl but she never torture herself as Dimmesdale doing.
E)
Hester also followed her
truest human instinct So that she committed no sin at all and nor does she
consider herself as a sinner:-
Here
in the novel we can find reflection and adaptation of the 19th
century society. During that time started movement of individual freedom which
proved here in the novel through character of Hester. Same themes presented in
19th century’s novel through
figures like as Tess, Bathsheba, Everdene, Madame Bovary and Dorothea
Brooks who faced same problem. Hester almost completed what her truest instinct
like search of love and affection and she had guided her to doing but there
were great mistake to do adopt that situation. Here in the novel Character of
Hester was not presented as a beloved of Dimmesdale but presented as broken
morality. We can’t say with confidently that her motive for falling in love
with Dimmesdale. According to my point
of view that Hester was a brave woman who resolute resists the desire of the becoming
as a free thinker like as Ann Hutchinson. Moreover Hester never consider
herself as a sinner at all would be totally false. As we know that in the novel
she declines to remove the scarlet letter on an order from the society. Hester
also afraid of the criticism of the puritans and her lover and husband in
chapter V which watched that she was confessed her sin and guilt. So that here
I have to say that Hester has own private morality which was not subservient to
the social morality of the puritan society but here we know that Hester did not
consider herself as a sinner.
F)
Consequences of Sin
and Guilt:-
In The
Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne is not overly concerned with the sin that has
been committed; he is more concerned with the results of the sin, with its
effect on the persons involved. The Christian view however, is that the sin
itself as well as its effects are to be considered. God regards man's motives.
And to him motives are important. Furthermore, the Bible condemns sin in all
its forms.
Hawthorne shows the woman suffering
public shame and contempt, the sensitive and disturbed minister who hides his
participation in the sin withering inside, and the jealous old man,
Chillingworth, addicted by the madness of revenge. Turner states that the
author's "basic assumption is that reward and punishment are inevitable
here and now--retribution for sin is certain" (58). Although many critics
view Hester in a positive way, some liberal one sees her as degenerating
spiritually since her thoughts are on earthly love as is clear in her
conversation with Dimmesdale during their meeting in the forest. It is also
said that she "handles her guilt more successfully than Dimmesdale because
her conscience is less highly developed than his" (Crews 143). Those who
see her positively emphasize the transformation that she undergoes. Over the
course of the years, she becomes involved in performing acts of charity and
kindness to people in the community and shows her care and concern for the
sick, the poor and the dying. Hawthorne observes that ". . . in the lapse
of the toilsome, thoughtful, and self-devoted years that made up Hester's life,
the scarlet letter ceased to be a stigma which attracted the world's scorn and
bitterness, and became a type of something to be sorrowed over, and looked upon
with awe, yet with reverence" (chapter 24).
·
Some Quotations of feel guilt:-
1) “Let
her cover the mark as she will, the pang of it will be always in her heart.”
2) “[S]he
saw that, owing the peculiar effect of this convex mirror, the scarlet letter
was represented in exaggerated
There are no sources in the current document.
3)gigantic proportions, so as to be greatly the most prominent feature of her appearance.”
4) “Mother!—Mother!—Why
does the minister keep his hand over his heart?”
5) “It
is inconceivable, the agony with which this public veneration tortured him!”
5) “All the dread
of public exposure, that had so long been the anguish of his life, had returned
upon him.”
Thank you…
·
References:-
Works Cited
Balu, Shinde Yuvraj. Sin, Guilt, and Regeneration
inthe scarlet letter. january 2016.
<http://interactionsforum.com/volume-v-issue-i-january-2016/71-sin-guilt-and-regenaeration-in-the-scarlet-letterq>.
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The Scarlet letter –
Selected textual problem
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