Paper
no: - 1 “Renaissance Literature”
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q Name: - Lalji G. Baraiya.
q Course: - M.A.-1, Sem-1.
q Year: - 2018-20.
q Roll no.:- 21.
q Enrollment no.:-2069108420190001.
q Paper no.:- 1(Renaissance Literature).
Topic:
- “Philosophical & Critical views on metaphysical Poetry:-1) Death not be proud 2) The dream”
q Submitted to: - Smt.
S.B.Gardi.Dep.of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.
q Words:- 1,929
v About
John Donne:-
John Donne was most famous for Metaphysical Poetry. He was born in
London in 1572. He is known as the founder of metaphysical poetry but this term
found by Samuel Johnson. He is not only metaphysical
Poet but he also English Essayist, and philosopher in eighteenth century. Donne
reached beyond the rational and hierarchica3 structure of the seventeenth
century.
v Metaphysical
Poetry:-
During
the age of Milton and Jacobean Many
Poetry Published. It is known as Metaphysical Poetry because they were written
altogether difference ways after that poetry come its known Metaphysical
Poetry. So, in your mind increased question, Why Is Is called Metaphysical
Poetry? What is like that? So let’s
discussion about some characteristic of Metaphysical Poetry:
1.
Metaphysical was the men of learning and
scholarship by scholarly in the writing of their poems. They used of difference
language in their poems.
2.
They can scholars in the writing of poetry
but there are no music, rhyme scheme and rhythms in the Metaphysical Poetry.
3.
Far fetched images and conceits is the most
remarkable feature of the Metaphysical Poetry. That wanted to bring new
images to distingue themselves.
4.
It was the demand of time for Donne and
his school to write Poetry in difference way.
They had presented the theme of
love and Christianity in the manner.
5.
One more critic Helen gardener mentions
that:-
“Donne and his schools changed the whole perspective of a writing poetry. They wrote poems in a way in which it was not even imagined by others.
a) Death
be not Proud:-
“Death be not Proud”
is a poem written by English Metaphysical poet ‘John Donne’. He is written probably
around 1610, and first published posthumously in 1633. It is the Tenth sonnet
in Donne’s posthumously published holy sonnet.
v Theme
of this poem:-
- Mortality
-
Dreams
-
Hopes
-
Plans
-
Religion
-
Courage
v About
this Poem:-
Here are John Donne is try to explain his own view about Death. He challenge to death and he says death that be no proud. Donne’s view on this uptime reality called death. Here John Donne give address to death saying that there is no need for death be proud through some people call it very powerfully and dangerous. John Donne good imagine of death is nothing but sleep & rest.
v Death
as a slave:-
Here John
Milton describes fourth things of the death. He always says that Death is nothing so we
have never feared of death because death has merely a slave of this forth
things:-
-
Kings
-
Distress in life
-
Chance
-
Faith
v
Three places Where Death lives forever:-
We
can’t imagine about place of death because any person has home and places but
here John DONNE very nice ideas for places of death. He says that death lives
in these three places forever this places are like a home for death. Where death lives:-
-
War
-
Poisson
-
Sickness
v Meaning
of words:-
Mighty- Powerful
|
Slave- servant
|
Delivery- To reach
freedom
|
Desperate- One who
feds up
|
Fate- Destiny
|
Sickness- Ill
|
Dost- Does
|
Stroke- Attack
|
Thee- you
|
Charms- Difference
ways o f putting person to sleep
|
v Rhyme
scheme :-
In this holy
sonnet, John Donne arrange to good rhyme scheme. In this holy sonnet we can
find Rhyme scheme is like as ABBA/ABBA/ABBA/AA. John Donne master of used rhyme
scheme. We can find in this sonnet Donne mixes up the Shakespearean and the Petrarchan
sonnet. (Shakespearean means that according to the division and Petrarchan
means that according to the Rhyme scheme.)
v Analysis of Sonnet:-
q The first quatrain:-
We can saw in
the first line, here is personifying death y the speaker. The speaker says that
he shouldn’t proud although some people call him very mighty, fearful and
dreadful but really it is not doing. So it is the reason for death not e proud.
The speaker
descries weakness of the death. He says that death can’t do anything. Many people
killed by the death but they aren’t death. Only physical body is change never
soul die. Then he continuously arguments with death and he gives addresses of
the death that death is a poor thing even though he never destroy or kill him.
q The second quatrain:-
In the second
stanza the speaker try to arguments with giving us a some proof. The speaker says that death is just like as
sleep and rest; He is asking what We get from sleep & rest? Only freshness and pleasure and if sleep and
rest are a copy from the original death. So we can say that from death is get
more pleasure with longtime. The speaker
is telling us that when death come to us for it is well free our souls and it
is well rest our bones. Our soul will fly from this prison which is the
body. He is telling us that we shouldn’t
afraid from it because it happens every day.
q The third quatrain:-
In the
third stanza the speaker is try to giving us another proof that death never e
mighty. He is compare to death with as a slave person. Slave is control by his master. So slaves
cannot control themselves but he ready to obey orders especially when people
want to commit Suicide, he goes with them and also he is a slave to chance,
kings, Faith and Distress in life.
The speaker
here is descries to us places of the death when death also living there. It was
surrounded by poison, wars and sickness. So he is not powerful or mighty because
it can change its surroundings.
The speaker
give more examples for convince to us that anyone can have a long sleep
through using drugs or any kind of
medicines so death is not strong enough and this is better than striking us
because we will be waiting to die. After all arguments with death then he says,
that Why he is proud of himself?
v The Couplet:-
Here is John Donne
philosophical arguments against of the death. He is telling death that he is not afraid of him
because when we after sleep , We will wake up and live eternally and death in
the other life will have no place for him and he shall be finished.
v Figure of Speech:-
In
this holy sonnet we can find full of Alliteration:-
Line-1 through—thee.
Line-3 those---thou
Line-4 dies—death/ canst--kill
Line-6 much—more/then—thee/from—flow.
Line-10 dist-dwell/
with—war.
Line-12 than—thy/ thou—then
Line-13 one—we—wake.
v Metaphor&
personification :-
In this sonnet speaker
is compare to death as a slave, as sleep, kidding death better sleep, Soul
delivery, servant of war, poison, sickness better poppy rather than death. He
compares death to as a person who is proud. Another thing is that John Donne
ends the poem with Paradox and irony: Death, thou shalt die. Death is given
negative human traits, Pride mainly. Death is likened to sleep, a common places
image.
v Metonymy:-
John Donne used metonymy in
14 lines holy sonnets like as Poppy and charms refer to the use of opium and
magic to produce as a sleep or to produce as a gentle death. Poppy is metonymy,
it is what is derived from the poppy that is the opiate not literally the
flower itself.
v Hindu Religion in this poem:-
“No weapons can cut, no fire can burn, no
water can wet this, nor do winds dry it.”
(Bhagavat
Geeta)
Sheree Krishna Said,
The soul
can never be cut to pieces by any weapon, nor burned by fire, nor moistened by
water, nor withered by the wind.
So John
Donne presents an argument against the power death through this holy sonnet.
The poet addresses death as a person. He gives physical characteristic to
inanimate idea or concept.
v Islamic belief about
death:-
“And you should know that if the nation
gathered to gather to benefit you, they will benefit you only with something
Allah has decreed for you and if they gather together to harm you. They will
harm you only with something Allah has decreed for you.”
(Muanad, Al-lman-307)
These words of the Prophet evidence Allah’s control and power over
everything. At the same time, it disestablishes Donne’s opinion regarding
anyone’s control over death.
The last
two lines of the sonnets are important from a comparative Islamic and Christian
point of view:
“One short sleep passed,
we wake eternally, and death shall be no more; death; thou shalt die,”
(Donne, Death be not proud, pro. 226)
Here is death
is symbol of something mortal neither alarming nor frightening death which
destroys the body becomes embodied and meets the same fate it dispenses to
other.
v Conclusion:-
John
Donne conclude his sonnet saying that death no need to proud ; this life is one
sleep in a sense that it is full of illusion but death librates us from that
illusion and we wake up forever.
v The
Dream
This
poem written by John Donne. This poem is
like as admirable lyric poem. This poem is very abstract and intellectual poem.
The poet use of variety like as similes.
He is used not only sight but also thoughts and emotions. There is as
much of drama, Imagination, feeling, sensation and experience as of
intellectual and some logical.
v Analyses of the poem:-
‘The
dream’ poem is starting an essay style. This poem style of like as conversational. In this poem center addressing his beloved, being loss, confusion,
sorrow and frustration. This poem dream
within a dream.
Here
the poet is say that her arrival is giving him the same enjoy as he was happy
in his dream. This poem is imaginary p[poem but she is may be real living,
breathing women has made such accounts of female beauty look. All that the poets have imagined about feminine charms and
perfections.
v Use of Hyperbole:-
The poet
is compares to the brightness of her eyes to the light of candle lighting, It
had not sound made by her arrival, but this bright and light of her eyes. The
poet says and compare with angle like as she knows his thought and feeling as
she can look in to his heart and read his thoughts. She is not only angelic but
also divine. She is a goddess much superior to angles.
Here I
have say s that John Donne is clever lawyer. He has given arguments after
arguments to establish the point that his beloved is a goddess in human being.
This poem of the last stanza he says that he saws her love is not as strong as
he had supposed it. The poet has rather than critics his divine beloved.
John
Donne continues to makes use of a conceit.
In this poem poet compare himself like as torch and his beloved to a
person who lights a torch, then extinguishes it. Donne would dream of her early
return. He has hope along which could make him.